Shingle covering



Aug. 2, '1927,

try

J. H. GRAHAM SHINGLE COVERING Filed Oct. 22, 1926 'Kly 4Patented Aug. 2, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES E. GRAHAM, F WILKINSB'URG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE .A8- SIGNMENTS, TO JOHNS MANVILLE CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORA- TION 0F NEW YORK.

' SHINGLE covnmNG.

Application led October 22, 1926. Serial No. 148,405.

This invention relates to shingle covering and consists 1n a novel assemblage of rectangular shingles and spacers, in which each -shingle and each spacer is prepared for at- 5 tachment by accurately spaced perforations for two types of fastening, one represented by roof nails which attach the shingle covering to the roof or siding of a building, the other by storm nails each having heads to y rest upon one of the covering elements and a shank to pass upward through a perforation in an overlying shingle and adapted to secure the shingle by being clenched over its surface; the shingles and spacers, respectively, being identical and interchangeable, both in respect to their size and contour and the said perforations.

Objects of the invention are: to provide prepared roofing or siding materials which, after a starting tier of shingles and spacers has been accurately aligned and laid, as on or near the eaves of a roof,.can from that starting point be assembled and secured rapidly, being practically self-aligning; also to provide a shingle covering which shalll be as nearly as possible weather-proof and secure against dislodgment by wind.

In the drawings hereto annexed, which illustrate the invention as applied to a roof: Fig. 1 shows in plan the preferred forms of the several elements which when assembled make up the entire shingle covering; Fig. 2 is a similar plan View of essentially the same covering elements modified, how-` ever, in details as contrasted with those of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a similar view of essentially the same elements in another modifiedform as respects the perforations therein;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a roof partly covered with the improved shingle covering herein described in which portions of the covering elements are broken away the better to show underlying parts; the specific forms of covering elements in this figure are those shown in Fig. 1; j

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a roof covering made up of the elements shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of another modified form of covering made up of elements such as shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view on a large i scale of one of the storm nails used in assembling the roof covering; and

F1g. 8 is a section taken on line 8-8 of Fig. 4.

This invention lends itself especially to an arrangement of rectangular shingles square with a roof, that is to say,'with head and foot edges horizontal. Any reasonably strong and rigid shingle material may bev used Aforthe shingles and the spacers; both shingles and spacers are preferably rectangular, and the shingles may be true squares if so preferred. The shingle-material which 1s recommended as especially well adapted to the within-described structure is a com-V position of ymatter consisting of asbestos fibre and a binding cement; such shingles may .be made either by compressing such material into plates or by forming a laminated millboard thereot1 and cutting the millboard into suitable shingle sizes.

With the exception of shingles and spac` ers employed to build the starting tier as at the eaves of a roof, all the shingles and all the spacers, respectively, should be identical in size and shape. The elements employed are shingles and spacers such as shown in Fig. 1, wherein A is the shingle and B the spacer. C and D in this figure, respectively illustrate starting shingles and spacers used to form the starting or lowermost tier. Shingles A and spacers B are rectangular in form, these shingles and spacers, respec-v tively, being all of identical dimensions. VEach shingle A is pre-perforated at a* with holes for the reception of roof nails; that is,

nails driven through into the roof for fasy substantially coincident, each perforation i forated for the reception of the shanks N i of storm nails H 4(see Fig. 7). 4'ln the in# stance shown in Fig. l, each storm nail perforation is half in a shingle and halfi-n a spacer, the side edges of each spacer B being 'semi-circularly notched at s and the side edges of 'each shingle A being similarly semi-circularly notched at s1 in their opposite side edges. These notches s1 in shingles A are so placed that when a shingle A of one tier is laid over shingles of the tier `next below and just previously attached to the building the `notches s1 of this shingle may register with the similar notches s in `"the spacers previously secured near the upper edges of shingles A fin such previously attached row or tier. Each shingle is also provided near its lower edge with perforations s2-which are so spaced apart that when a shingle is properly laid these perforations s2 will register with the storm nail perforations el, s2 formed by registering notches f shingles and spacers inthe tier next but one below it.

The starter shingles and spacers C, D, of Fig. l are, respectively, of the same horizontal dimensions as the starters and spacers A and B, but in vertical dimensions are unlike A and B, both C Aand 'D being in this dimension a little more than half as large as the shingles A. Each starting shingle C -is perforated at r? r2 for roof nails near the upper edge .and at refr for roof nails at the lower edge; and the starting shingles C are 'notched at 's1 in the 'same manner, and for the same purpose as the shingles A. The

I starting spacer D is pre-perforated at fr 75 and at r3 r3 for roof nails and is notched at s like the spacers B.

that roof nails driven through perforations r3 and r6, respectively, will pass through-the strlps E and into the roof R and also se that the edge notches s and sPwillre isterfso as to yprovide storm nail-shank per orations as at s s1, Fig. 4. As this starting tier of shinges and spacers is bein laid the roof nails are laid with their thin dat heads resting on the strip E and with their Shanks N projcting 11p-through each of the perforations s s ers D to the roof. Before the upper edges of the starting shingles C are secured to the Roof nails driven through the perforations r secure the upper edges of the-spacf roof, there is laid over each of the said startingv shingles near its upper edge one of the spacers B of which the rootnail perfora-y tions r1 register with the roof nail perforations r2 in the starting single C. Roof nails are then driven through these registering perforations, securing a spacer B to the head of each starting single C, and both to ythe roof R.

The next operation in the series is to lay the first tier `ofshingles A. These are placed in position bypassing their storm nail perforations s2 over the upstanding Shanks N of the storm nails which were previously .placed with their fiat heads lying between the starting shingles C and starting spacers D, and their shanks projecting up through the perfrations s s1. The accurate placing Yof the perforations s2 and the side notches s1 in the shingles A insures juxtaposition of the said side notches s1 with the similar notches s in the ends ofthe spacers B, previously-nailed at the heads of the starter shingles C. `Before the first tier of shingles A is placed thus in position storm nails will have been inserted between the spacers B- and starting shingles C with their Shanks N projecting upward so that when the first tier of shingles A is put in place, the juxtapositio'n of Jtheir notches s1 with the notches s of the said previously secured spac- ,ers B `will form positioning perforations s s1 through which the Shanks of said storm nails project. upward. This registration of the notches is insured simply by positioning each shingle A with the lower storm nail Shanks projecting up through its'perforations s2. The shanks of these storm nails are 'then clenched downwardly over the top of each shingle A; a spacer B is then laid at the head of each shingle A with the roof` nail perforations r1, 7'1 registering with the roof nailperforations r4, r4, storm nails H 'are laid with their flat heads under each said spacer B and shanks N, in notches s, and l roof nails are then driven through the registering perforations 'r1 r4, securing the spacers 7to the upper edge of the shingle A and both to the roof. y 'g Then another tier of shingles A is laid by first passing the storm nail perforations s2 'over the upstanding shanks of the storm nails previously secured between spacers B 4and startingfshingles C, with their Shanks projecting upward through thefpre-prforations sA 81, provided by the registeringr notches s in said spacers B and s1' inthe sides of the shingles A of the first tier. The side notches s1 of the shingles A of the second tier will thenpregister with the end notches's' vious that the only necessary provision for rlaying the entire covering with regularity is to ensure proper alignment of the starting tier of shingles and spacers C and D, and that thereafter the placing of the prepared interchangeable members A and B with the aid of projecting storm nails and the automatic guidance of the end edges of spacers B ensures proper alignment of each tier ot shingles without vfurther attention on the part ot the workmen.

Each shingle will be securely fastened both at head and foot by roofnails and storm nails, respectively; the spacers B serve as wind and rain stops and the storm nail secure-ment of the shingles renders dislodgment ot' shingles by wind pressure practi- Y cally impossible.

`orations u and u1. I

C2, roof nail perforations Q2 g2 are posh,

The construction of va roof covering with the elements shown in Fig. 2 is essentially the same as that described hereinabove in connection with Figs. l and 4. The diiierence between the shinglesl and spacers ot Fig. l and Fig. 2 is in the forming of all the pre-perforations within the borders of the roofing elements. Thus the storm nail perforations' t, t inspacers B1which register with the storm nail perforations t1, t1 inthe shingle A1 are spaced so as to register, as are the root nail perforations p1, p1 and p4, 04. The starter shingles C1 are provided also with roof nail perforations p p near the lower edge. The storm nail erforations t2, t2, in the starting spacers 1 are also spaced to register with the storm nail perfor rations t1, t1. in the spacers A1, and the rootl nail perforations p2, p2., near the upper edge of each st-artingshingle AC1 are spaced ,to register with the roof nail p'erforations p1, p1 in the spacers B1. In laying the covering of elements such as Ashown in Fig. 2, the start-ing tier made up ot starting shingles C1 and starting spacers D1 and the subsequent building up of the covering with shinlgles and spacers A1 and B1 yis the same in substance as thatabove described with respect to the elements shown in'Fig. l. The shingle arrangement of elements shown in Fig. 2 is illustrated in Fig. 5.

The preparation of both spacers and shingles with pertorations for two storm nails at the foot of each shingle is preferred, but in many instances a single middle perforation in each spacer and near the foot of each shingle for a single storm nail as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 8, will suihce.

Referring to Fig. 3, the roof nail perforations`g1, g1'in the spacer B2 and g1, g4 in theshingle A2 are so positioned as to register, as are likewise the single storm nail per- In the starter shingle tioned to register with perforations g1 g1 in a spacer B2. Rootnail perforations q2 g3; g5 q and g g are for the reception ofroof nails used to attach starter shingles and spacers to the roof. The storm nail perforation u2 in starter spacer D2, is placed so as lto register properly with a storm nail perforation u1 in a shingle like A2. The succession in which the starter shingles and spacers C2, D2, spacers B2 and shingles A2, are laid, is the same as that above described in connection withFigs. l and 4. Storm nails such' as H are placed in position with their flat heads lying against. the under side of a spacer, whether B2 or D2, and their shanks N projecting upward to penetrate storm-nail perforations u1 in shingles such as A2, which are aligned by these storm nail shanks and the ends' of spacers B2 which have been nailed in place.

I claim:

1. Shingle covering comprising interchangeable shingles preperforated near the head for roof-nails and near the foot for storm nails, interchangeable spacers having root' nail perforations placed to registerwith root nail perforations o't the shingles, a spacer secured near thehead of each shingle by roof nails driven through the registering roof nail perforations of shingle and spacer, storm nails, each having a head and a clinching shank, the head lying between a spacer of one tier and roof covering material nailed thereover and the shank passing up through the storm nail perforation in a shingle of the next overlying tier, and each shingle {itting between` spacers on shingles in the tier next below.

2. Shingle covering comprising inter changeable shingles preperforated near the head for roofl nails and near the foot for 'storm nails` interchangeable spacers having roof nail preperforations placed to register with roof nail perforations of the shingles and with storm nail'preperforations placed yto register with the storm-nail perforations` in the tier below it. the storm nails anchored below said spacers and having shanks passing through the registered storm nail perfoi-ations of said spacers and said shingles, and each shingle fitting between spacers on shingles in the tiery next below. f

l 3. Shingle covering comprising shingles preperforated near the head for' roof nails and near 'the foot for storm nails, spacers having roof-nail preperforations placed to register with root nail perforations ot' the shingles and with storm nail preperforations laced 'to registerk with the storm nail perorations of the shingles, a spacer secured near the head of each shingle by roof nails driven 'throu h the registering roof nail lperoration of s ingle and spacer, each shingle storm na secured to 'the spacer on e' shingle in a tier heloW it, the storm nails anchored below said spacers and having Shanks pass ing through the registered storm nail perforations of Said spacers and sid shingles, and each shingle fitting between spacers o shinges in the 'tier next beow, the perforations for nails in each shinge' and space? respectively "being placed symmetcafily with reference to side edges. Q

Signed; by me ab Pittsburgh; Pennsylvena, this 18th day of October, 1926.

JAMES 

